Balanced Air Brakes from Scratch

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by Daris A Nevil

Fall 2015

During the summer of 2015 I began studying air brakes and how live steam modelers incorporate working air brake systems on their trains. I was well into building a Kitsap Live Steamers caboose kit and decided to add a fully operational balanced air brake system to the caboose.

This is my first attempt at building operating air brakes, and I am quite pleased with the results. Air brakes will certainly be added to my other equipment.

Equipment

Here is a spread of Clippard parts used for the balanced air brake system.
  • Clippard parts:
    • UDR-17-1 : Stainless steel double-acting cylinder, 1 inch stroke, 1-1/16 inch bore, 5/16 inch shaft
    • CT4 : #10-32 to 1/8” ID Hose Connector, designed for Clippard's Polyurethane hose
    • T44-4 : Tee fitting, 1/8 inch ID
    • URH1-0804-BKS : Urethane tube 1/8 inch ID
    • TV-3SP : 3-Way Toggle Valve, ENP Steel Toggle, 1/8" NPT
    • MCV-2 : Check Valve, #10-32 Ports
    • 15090-1 : 1/8” NPT to #10-32 “L” Fitting

Tools and Supplies

Build Gallery

Air Tank

  • I started with the air tank. It is constructed using 2 inch diameter PVC pipe (schedule 40) with a pair of caps. A hole was drilled and tapped for 10-32 threads to accept a Clippard fitting. An adhesive dot was placed over the hole before painting.

    I started with the air tank. It is constructed using 2 inch diameter PVC pipe (schedule 40) with a pair of caps. A hole was drilled and tapped for 10-32 threads to accept a Clippard fitting. An adhesive dot was placed over the hole before painting.

Brake Shoes

  • In an effort to save money I decided to cut brakes from a ring of aluminum purchased from McMaster-Carr. The pipe has a 4 inch inside diameter and a 6 inch outside diameter.

    In an effort to save money I decided to cut brakes from a ring of aluminum purchased from McMaster-Carr. The pipe has a 4 inch inside diameter and a 6 inch outside diameter.

  • A 1/2 inch width of the aluminum pipe was parted off on the lathe. Here it has been blued and marked for cutting.

    A 1/2 inch width of the aluminum pipe was parted off on the lathe. Here it has been blued and marked for cutting.

Mechanical Drawings

  • Brake Shaft for Caboose Trucks. Two required per truck.

    Brake Shaft for Caboose Trucks. Two required per truck.

  • End detail of Brake Shaft. Turn ends down to 3/8 inch on lathe. Drill and tap for 8-32 threads 1/4 inch deep.

    End detail of Brake Shaft. Turn ends down to 3/8 inch on lathe. Drill and tap for 8-32 threads 1/4 inch deep.

  • Brake Hanger, four required per truck.

    Brake Hanger, four required per truck.

  • Brake shaft strut, two required per Brake Shaft.

    Brake shaft strut, two required per Brake Shaft.

  • Short lever to be inserted between struts, one per truck required.

    Short lever to be inserted between struts, one per truck required.

  • Long lever, inserted between struts and connected to Bolster Fulcrum, one required per truck.

    Long lever, inserted between struts and connected to Bolster Fulcrum, one required per truck.

  • Brake Shaft Support, two required per Brake Shaft. Later I started cutting one 7 inch long support. After inserting and welding onto the struts the rods are bent and welded to the ends of the Brake Shaft.

    Brake Shaft Support, two required per Brake Shaft. Later I started cutting one 7 inch long support. After inserting and welding onto the struts the rods are bent and welded to the ends of the Brake Shaft.

  • The Bolster Fulcrum is attached to the side of the bolster.

    The Bolster Fulcrum is attached to the side of the bolster.

  • Location of tapped holes for the Bolster Fulcrum.

    Location of tapped holes for the Bolster Fulcrum.

  • Connecting lever runs underneath the truck and connects the long and short levers.

    Connecting lever runs underneath the truck and connects the long and short levers.

  • Brake pads, four required per truck.

    Brake pads, four required per truck.

Assembling Brake Shafts

  • Turning one end of a Brake Shaft.

    Turning one end of a Brake Shaft.

  • File:CabooseBrakes TestFit.jpg

    File:CabooseBrakes TestFit.jpg

  • The two Brake Struts were welded onto the Brake Shaft. Then the 7 inch long Support Shaft was inserted into the holes at the end of the Brake Struts, bent down at the ends, and welded at the ends as well as at the Brake Struts.

    The two Brake Struts were welded onto the Brake Shaft. Then the 7 inch long Support Shaft was inserted into the holes at the end of the Brake Struts, bent down at the ends, and welded at the ends as well as at the Brake Struts.

  • The Brake Shaft assembly is cleaned after welding. Note that a temporary lever has been inserted and pinned between the two Brake Shaft Struts to help hold the gap during welding.

    The Brake Shaft assembly is cleaned after welding. Note that a temporary lever has been inserted and pinned between the two Brake Shaft Struts to help hold the gap during welding.

  • Test fit of assembled Brake Shaft in truck.

    Test fit of assembled Brake Shaft in truck.

Brake Pads

  • Brake pad material from McMaster-Carr.

    Brake pad material from McMaster-Carr.

  • The Brake Pads are cut and glued to the aluminum Brake Shoes with JB Weld. The Brake Shafts are pulled tight using rebar ties attached to the axle. This holds the shoes tightly to the pads and forms the curve in the shoes.

    The Brake Pads are cut and glued to the aluminum Brake Shoes with JB Weld. The Brake Shafts are pulled tight using rebar ties attached to the axle. This holds the shoes tightly to the pads and forms the curve in the shoes.

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